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NEW MEXICO DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE

New Mexico Conservation Information System

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NEW MEXICO DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE

  • New Mexico Conservation Information System
  • BISON-M
  • NMERT
  • NM CHAT
  • Share with Wildlife
New Mexico State Wildlife Action Plan LogoNew Mexico State Wildlife Action Plan Logo

State Wildlife Action Plan for New Mexico

New Mexico State Wildlife Action Plan
  • OVERVIEW
  • Species
    • Amphibians
    • Bees
    • Beetles
    • Birds
    • Crustaceans
    • Fish
    • Flies
    • Mammals
    • Molluscs
    • Moths and Butterflies
    • Reptiles
  • Ecoregions
    • Arizona/New Mexico Mountains
    • Chihuahuan Desert
    • Colorado Plateaus
    • High Plains and Tablelands
    • Madrean Archipelago
    • Southern Rocky Mountains
  • Habitats
    • Alpine and Montane Vegetation
    • Aquatic
    • Arroyo Riparian
    • Cliff, Scree & Rock Vegetation
    • Desert Grassland and Scrub
    • Plains-Mesa Grasslands< Back to Habitats List
    • Riparian Woodlands and Wetlands
  • Conservation Opportunity Areas
  • Threats and Conservation Actions
  • Monitoring
  • Climate Change
  • Related Resources

New Mexico State Wildlife Action Plan

  • OVERVIEW
  • Species
    • Amphibians
    • Bees
    • Beetles
    • Birds
    • Crustaceans
    • Fish
    • Flies
    • Mammals
    • Molluscs
    • Moths and Butterflies
    • Reptiles
  • Ecoregions
    • Arizona/New Mexico Mountains
    • Chihuahuan Desert
    • Colorado Plateaus
    • High Plains and Tablelands
    • Madrean Archipelago
    • Southern Rocky Mountains
  • Habitats
    • Alpine and Montane Vegetation
    • Aquatic
    • Arroyo Riparian
    • Cliff, Scree & Rock Vegetation
    • Desert Grassland and Scrub
    • Plains-Mesa Grasslands< Back to Habitats List
    • Riparian Woodlands and Wetlands
  • Conservation Opportunity Areas
  • Threats and Conservation Actions
  • Monitoring
  • Climate Change
  • Related Resources

Scott’s Oriole

Back to Species
Scott’s Oriole
Scott’s Oriole
Scientific Name Icterus parisorum
Category D
Taxon Birds
Climate Change Vulnerability Score Less Vulnerable
View on BISON-M

The Scott's Oriole (Icterus parisorum) is a long bird (23 cm [9 in] long; 32-41 g [1.1-1.4 oz]) with a long, pointed bill. Males are bright yellow with black wings and hoods; females are yellow green with gray wings. Its whistled calls can be heard in dry open areas, usually near large, flowering agaves (Agave spp.) where they forage for insects, fruit, and nectar. It occurs in the southwestern US and south into Mexico. The Scott’s Oriole will experience a high degree of climate exposure and has a high adaptive capacity. Overall, it has a Climate Change Vulnerability Index ranking of Less Vulnerable under both Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 Scenarios. The Scott’s Oriole’s climate change vulnerability is impacted by factors related to movement and life history, which influence its ability to shift in space and persist in place.

Ecoregions

Chihuahuan Desert
Chihuahuan Desert
Colorado Plateaus
Colorado Plateaus

Habitats

Chihuahuan Desert Scrub
Chihuahuan Desert Scrub
Colorado Plateau Piñon-Juniper Woodland
Colorado Plateau Piñon-Juniper Woodland
Great Plains Floodplain Forest
Great Plains Floodplain Forest
Intermountain Arroyo Riparian Scrub
Intermountain Arroyo Riparian Scrub
Madrean Lowland Evergreen Woodland
Madrean Lowland Evergreen Woodland
Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Forest
Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Forest
Rocky Mountain Piñon-Juniper Woodland
Rocky Mountain Piñon-Juniper Woodland
Southwest Lowland Riparian Forest
Southwest Lowland Riparian Forest
Southwest Lowland Riparian Shrubland
Southwest Lowland Riparian Shrubland
Warm Interior Chaparral
Warm Interior Chaparral
Warm-Desert Arroyo Riparian Scrub
Warm-Desert Arroyo Riparian Scrub

Threats and Conservation Actions

Result for: All
Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Assess the synergistic effects between climate change and other threats to SGCN and their habitats (e.g., Friggens et al. 2019, Parks et al. 2019). Incorporate appropriate climate adaptation strategies and frameworks into projects designed to address these synergistic effects. This may include enhancing connectivity (CEQ 2023), facilitating a species’ innate adaptive capacity (Thurman et al. 2022), enhancing genetic diversity (Powell 2023), considering local adaptation (Meek et al. 2023), or considering whether it is most appropriate to resist, accept, or direct ecosystem transformation (Lynch et al. 2021, Stevens et al. 2021). Projects should acknowledge ecosystem dynamism and incorporate indigenous knowledge (e.g., Roos et al. 2022, Eisenberg et al. 2024), nature-based solutions (Warnell et al. 2023), and experimentation (Guiterman et al. 2022) when appropriate. Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, USFS, USFWS, USGS, universities, Tribal natural-resource managers.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Assess the synergistic effects between climate change and other threats to SGCN and their habitats (e.g., Friggens et al. 2019, Parks et al. 2019). Incorporate appropriate climate adaptation strategies and frameworks into projects designed to address these synergistic effects. This may include enhancing connectivity (CEQ 2023), facilitating a species’ innate adaptive capacity (Thurman et al. 2022), enhancing genetic diversity (Powell 2023), considering local adaptation (Meek et al. 2023), or considering whether it is most appropriate to resist, accept, or direct ecosystem transformation (Lynch et al. 2021, Stevens et al. 2021). Projects should acknowledge ecosystem dynamism and incorporate indigenous knowledge (e.g., Roos et al. 2022, Eisenberg et al. 2024), nature-based solutions (Warnell et al. 2023), and experimentation (Guiterman et al. 2022) when appropriate. Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, USFS, USFWS, USGS, universities, Tribal natural-resource managers.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Assess the synergistic effects between climate change and other threats to SGCN and their habitats (e.g., Friggens et al. 2019, Parks et al. 2019). Incorporate appropriate climate adaptation strategies and frameworks into projects designed to address these synergistic effects. This may include enhancing connectivity (CEQ 2023), facilitating a species’ innate adaptive capacity (Thurman et al. 2022), enhancing genetic diversity (Powell 2023), considering local adaptation (Meek et al. 2023), or considering whether it is most appropriate to resist, accept, or direct ecosystem transformation (Lynch et al. 2021, Stevens et al. 2021). Projects should acknowledge ecosystem dynamism and incorporate indigenous knowledge (e.g., Roos et al. 2022, Eisenberg et al. 2024), nature-based solutions (Warnell et al. 2023), and experimentation (Guiterman et al. 2022) when appropriate. Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, USFS, USFWS, USGS, universities, Tribal natural-resource managers.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Assess the synergistic effects between climate change and other threats to SGCN and their habitats (e.g., Friggens et al. 2019, Parks et al. 2019). Incorporate appropriate climate adaptation strategies and frameworks into projects designed to address these synergistic effects. This may include enhancing connectivity (CEQ 2023), facilitating a species’ innate adaptive capacity (Thurman et al. 2022), enhancing genetic diversity (Powell 2023), considering local adaptation (Meek et al. 2023), or considering whether it is most appropriate to resist, accept, or direct ecosystem transformation (Lynch et al. 2021, Stevens et al. 2021). Projects should acknowledge ecosystem dynamism and incorporate indigenous knowledge (e.g., Roos et al. 2022, Eisenberg et al. 2024), nature-based solutions (Warnell et al. 2023), and experimentation (Guiterman et al. 2022) when appropriate. Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, USFS, USFWS, USGS, universities, Tribal natural-resource managers.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Collaborate with interested and willing land managers and private landowners to designate protected areas or implement conservation easements for lands that encompass important SGCN habitats. Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, NRCS, USFS, USFWS, SLO, non-profit organizations, private landowners.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Collaborate with interested and willing land managers and private landowners to designate protected areas or implement conservation easements for lands that encompass important SGCN habitats. Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, NRCS, USFS, USFWS, SLO, non-profit organizations, private landowners.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Collaborate with interested and willing land managers and private landowners to designate protected areas or implement conservation easements for lands that encompass important SGCN habitats. Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, NRCS, USFS, USFWS, SLO, non-profit organizations, private landowners.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Collaborate with interested and willing land managers and private landowners to designate protected areas or implement conservation easements for lands that encompass important SGCN habitats. Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, NRCS, USFS, USFWS, SLO, non-profit organizations, private landowners.

Pollution
Determine effects of, and implement actions to mitigate negative effects from, agro- (e.g., neonicotinoids, other pesticides) (Sanchez-Bayo 2021, EPA 2023) and petrochemicals, synthetic chemicals (e.g., per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances [PFAS]), microplastics, urban runoff, and other pollutants (e.g., sewage, nutrients, toxic chemicals, sediment) on SGCN, especially fish and pollinating insects, and their habitats. This includes solid waste that may entangle wildlife. Potential collaborators: EPA, NMDA, NMED, universities, local governments, municipalities, private industry.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Determine life history needs, ecology, distribution, movements, status, and trends of and threats to SGCN (especially invertebrates that are not currently monitored, riparian-obligate species, herpetofauna [Pierce et al. 2016, Olson and Pilliod 2022], and rare native fishes) and their habitats. Consider full annual cycles for migratory species when appropriate and logistically feasible (KFF 2021) and interactions with lower trophic levels that may drive SGCN status (e.g., EPA 2023). Use this information to develop and implement effective monitoring protocols and conservation actions, including actions to mitigate identified threats. Potential collaborators: BLM, BOR, NPS, USFS, USFWS, SLO, universities, non-profit organizations, private industry, species working groups, Tribal natural-resource managers.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Determine life history needs, ecology, distribution, movements, status, and trends of and threats to SGCN (especially invertebrates that are not currently monitored, riparian-obligate species, herpetofauna [Pierce et al. 2016, Olson and Pilliod 2022], and rare native fishes) and their habitats. Consider full annual cycles for migratory species when appropriate and logistically feasible (KFF 2021) and interactions with lower trophic levels that may drive SGCN status (e.g., EPA 2023). Use this information to develop and implement effective monitoring protocols and conservation actions, including actions to mitigate identified threats. Potential collaborators: BLM, BOR, NPS, USFS, USFWS, SLO, universities, non-profit organizations, private industry, species working groups, Tribal natural-resource managers.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Determine life history needs, ecology, distribution, movements, status, and trends of and threats to SGCN (especially invertebrates that are not currently monitored, riparian-obligate species, herpetofauna [Pierce et al. 2016, Olson and Pilliod 2022], and rare native fishes) and their habitats. Consider full annual cycles for migratory species when appropriate and logistically feasible (KFF 2021) and interactions with lower trophic levels that may drive SGCN status (e.g., EPA 2023). Use this information to develop and implement effective monitoring protocols and conservation actions, including actions to mitigate identified threats. Potential collaborators: BLM, BOR, NPS, USFS, USFWS, SLO, universities, non-profit organizations, private industry, species working groups, Tribal natural-resource managers.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Determine life history needs, ecology, distribution, movements, status, and trends of and threats to SGCN (especially invertebrates that are not currently monitored, riparian-obligate species, herpetofauna [Pierce et al. 2016, Olson and Pilliod 2022], and rare native fishes) and their habitats. Consider full annual cycles for migratory species when appropriate and logistically feasible (KFF 2021) and interactions with lower trophic levels that may drive SGCN status (e.g., EPA 2023). Use this information to develop and implement effective monitoring protocols and conservation actions, including actions to mitigate identified threats. Potential collaborators: BLM, BOR, NPS, USFS, USFWS, SLO, universities, non-profit organizations, private industry, species working groups, Tribal natural-resource managers.

Biological Resource Use
Determine the distribution (historic, current, and future), composition, disturbance regimes, and function of piñon (Pinus spp.)-juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodlands and savannas needed by SGCN and SGCN prevalence in these habitats. Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, USFS, USFWS, universities, private landowners, Tribal natural-resource managers.

Energy Production and Mining
Determine where energy development and mineral extraction currently, and in the future, may affect SGCN. Work with regulatory agencies to develop permitting guidelines and policies that result in siting new development in areas that minimize impacts to SGCN. Potential collaborators: BLM, USFS, EMNRD, NMBGMR, SLO, energy and mining companies.

Transportation and Service Corridors
Determine where roads, vehicle traffic, and utility lines are inhibiting or preventing movement of SGCN, including during migration. Identify and conserve natural habitat corridors, especially those at risk from future fragmentation by roads or utility lines. This may include reconnecting stream and wetland habitats that have been fragmented by roads, culverts, and other man-made structures that isolate and preclude movement of aquatic and semi-aquatic SGCN. Does not include structures that serve a beneficial role for wildlife (e.g., native fish barriers). Re-establish SGCN in areas where extirpated and appropriate. Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, USFS, NMDOT, universities, non-profit organizations, private landowners, utility companies.

Biological Resource Use
Enforce laws that protect SGCN populations that are often collected illegally, especially reptiles and amphibians. Longer-lived species, such as turtles, may be especially threatened by over-collection (Fitzgerald et al. 2004). Potential collaborators: BLM, DOD, NPS, USFS, USFWS, SLO.

Pollution
Evaluate and mitigate the effects of air pollution from industrial activities, including methane released by flaring associated with oil and gas extraction and leaking from old oil and gas wells, and in urban areas on SGCN and their habitats (e.g., Duque and Dewenter 2024). Evaluate and mitigate the effects of other types of pollution, including excess generation of heat, light, and/or sound from industrial activities, urban areas, and highways on SGCN and their habitats. Potential collaborators: BLM, EMNRD, NMDOT, NMED, energy and mining companies, municipalities, utility companies.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Evaluate the effectiveness of public education and outreach efforts regarding threats to SGCN and their habitats and the ways that the public can assist in threat mitigation (KFF 2021). Modify outreach activities as needed in response to evaluation outcomes. Potential collaborators: BLM, BOR, NPS, USACE, USFS, USFWS, USGS, NMED, NMSP, SFD, SLO, universities, local governments, municipalities, non-profit organizations.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Evaluate the effectiveness of public education and outreach efforts regarding threats to SGCN and their habitats and the ways that the public can assist in threat mitigation (KFF 2021). Modify outreach activities as needed in response to evaluation outcomes. Potential collaborators: BLM, BOR, NPS, USACE, USFS, USFWS, USGS, NMED, NMSP, SFD, SLO, universities, local governments, municipalities, non-profit organizations.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Evaluate the effectiveness of public education and outreach efforts regarding threats to SGCN and their habitats and the ways that the public can assist in threat mitigation (KFF 2021). Modify outreach activities as needed in response to evaluation outcomes. Potential collaborators: BLM, BOR, NPS, USACE, USFS, USFWS, USGS, NMED, NMSP, SFD, SLO, universities, local governments, municipalities, non-profit organizations.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Evaluate the effectiveness of public education and outreach efforts regarding threats to SGCN and their habitats and the ways that the public can assist in threat mitigation (KFF 2021). Modify outreach activities as needed in response to evaluation outcomes. Potential collaborators: BLM, BOR, NPS, USACE, USFS, USFWS, USGS, NMED, NMSP, SFD, SLO, universities, local governments, municipalities, non-profit organizations.

Energy Production and Mining
Identify and promote best management practices that minimize the impacts (especially habitat fragmentation and direct SGCN mortality) of energy development (including of renewable energy sources [Lovich and Ennen 2011, Copping et al. 2020, Levin et al. 2023]) and mining on SGCN and their aquatic and terrestrial habitats. This includes informing and supporting resource managers in the implementation of measures to prevent direct take of SGCN associated with energy extraction and mining (e.g., use of appropriate exclusionary netting and/or fencing, bird balls, and closed containment systems at toxic sites). May also include increased use of small, localized installations (e.g., community solar development) rather than utility-scale developments (Bowlin et al. 2024). Potential collaborators: BLM, EMNRD, SLO, universities, energy and mining companies, municipalities.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Identify or develop an accessible, jointly used database to document the status and condition of, threats to, and conservation actions implemented across aquatic, riparian, and upland habitats. Identify data gaps (e.g., Ganey et al. 2017) and implement standardized methods to gather habitat data (e.g., Vollmer et al. 2018, Shirk et al. 2023) and to monitor the success of conservation actions (e.g., Davis and Pinto 2021), including impacts on local SGCN populations. Synthesize existing information (e.g., Jain et al. 2021) and apply modeling techniques to aid in evaluating success when appropriate (e.g., Parks et al. 2018). Adjust future conservation actions as needed based on observed outcomes. Potential collaborators: BLM, BOR, NPS, USACE, USFS, USFWS, USGS, NMED, SFD, SLO, universities.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Identify or develop an accessible, jointly used database to document the status and condition of, threats to, and conservation actions implemented across aquatic, riparian, and upland habitats. Identify data gaps (e.g., Ganey et al. 2017) and implement standardized methods to gather habitat data (e.g., Vollmer et al. 2018, Shirk et al. 2023) and to monitor the success of conservation actions (e.g., Davis and Pinto 2021), including impacts on local SGCN populations. Synthesize existing information (e.g., Jain et al. 2021) and apply modeling techniques to aid in evaluating success when appropriate (e.g., Parks et al. 2018). Adjust future conservation actions as needed based on observed outcomes. Potential collaborators: BLM, BOR, NPS, USACE, USFS, USFWS, USGS, NMED, SFD, SLO, universities.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Identify or develop an accessible, jointly used database to document the status and condition of, threats to, and conservation actions implemented across aquatic, riparian, and upland habitats. Identify data gaps (e.g., Ganey et al. 2017) and implement standardized methods to gather habitat data (e.g., Vollmer et al. 2018, Shirk et al. 2023) and to monitor the success of conservation actions (e.g., Davis and Pinto 2021), including impacts on local SGCN populations. Synthesize existing information (e.g., Jain et al. 2021) and apply modeling techniques to aid in evaluating success when appropriate (e.g., Parks et al. 2018). Adjust future conservation actions as needed based on observed outcomes. Potential collaborators: BLM, BOR, NPS, USACE, USFS, USFWS, USGS, NMED, SFD, SLO, universities.

Biological Resource Use Energy Production and Mining Pollution Transportation and Service Corridors
Identify or develop an accessible, jointly used database to document the status and condition of, threats to, and conservation actions implemented across aquatic, riparian, and upland habitats. Identify data gaps (e.g., Ganey et al. 2017) and implement standardized methods to gather habitat data (e.g., Vollmer et al. 2018, Shirk et al. 2023) and to monitor the success of conservation actions (e.g., Davis and Pinto 2021), including impacts on local SGCN populations. Synthesize existing information (e.g., Jain et al. 2021) and apply modeling techniques to aid in evaluating success when appropriate (e.g., Parks et al. 2018). Adjust future conservation actions as needed based on observed outcomes. Potential collaborators: BLM, BOR, NPS, USACE, USFS, USFWS, USGS, NMED, SFD, SLO, universities.

Biological Resource Use
Inform natural-resource law enforcement staff of the distribution, life history, and habitat needs of SGCN. Partner with them to enforce laws to protect SGCN populations and habitats. Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, USFS, USFWS.

Energy Production and Mining
Maintain and expand open communication with mining and energy companies and land-management agencies to minimize adverse impacts of development to SGCN. Potential collaborators: BLM, USFS, EMNRD, SLO, energy and mining companies.

Energy Production and Mining
Reclaim disturbed habitats impacted by resource extraction as close as possible to pre-development conditions. Rehabilitate abandoned well pads, mining sites, and associated access roads. Remove unneeded roads, transmission lines, and any other abandoned infrastructure and equipment (e.g., pits, pipelines, unused machinery). Restore native vegetation. Where feasible, maintain abandoned mines as habitat for bats and snakes by constructing appropriate bat gates on mine shafts and adits (Spanjer and Fenton 2005). Potential collaborators: BLM, USFS, USFWS, EMNRD, SLO, energy and mining companies, private landowners.

Transportation and Service Corridors
Site, consolidate, and maintain utility corridors to minimize adverse effects to SGCN and their habitats. Reduce avian powerline collisions by using line markers and illumination with ultraviolet lights and by burying powerlines (Bateman et al. 2023). Avoid mowing rights-of-way during peak SGCN pollinator larvae abundance and avoid mowing patches of nectar resources important for pollinator SGCN (e.g., Xerces Society 2018). Potential collaborators: BLM, DOD, USFS, SLO, interested and affected members of the public, local governments, utility companies.

Biological Resource Use
Support programs that educate the public about the importance of not illegally collecting or harassing SGCN, especially reptiles and amphibians (Pierce et al 2016). Potential collaborators: BLM, DOD, NPS, USFS, USFWS, SLO.

Pollution
Where appropriate, develop green infrastructure and nature-based solutions (Warnell et al. 2023) in urban areas that catch and slow stormwater runoff to prevent pollution from entering aquatic ecosystems and promote groundwater recharge. Potential collaborators: NMDOT, local governments, municipalities, private landowners.

Energy Production and Mining Transportation and Service Corridors
Where appropriate, incorporate native, pollinator-friendly plants (Glenny et al. 2022) or native plants adapted to projected future climatic conditions at the restoration site (e.g., Meek et al. 2023, Stanturf et al. 2024) into seed mixes and live plantings used in the restoration of lands affected by grazing, fire, resource extraction, energy development, or urban development. Consider reclamation site conditions, genetic diversity, and resilience to local threats when producing seedlings (Davis and Pinto 2021) and consider appropriate climate analogs when identifying appropriate seed sources (e.g., Richardson et al. 2024). When focused on benefiting pollinators, prioritize plants that are attractive to pollinators, especially SGCN; support pollinators throughout the growing season (Glenny et al. 2023); provide food for caterpillars of insect SGCN (e.g., Dumroese et al. 2016); and produce pollen with high nutritional diversity (Vaudo et al. 2024). Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, NRCS, USFS, SFD, SLO, energy and mining companies, non-profit organizations, private landowners, Tribal natural-resource managers.

Energy Production and Mining Transportation and Service Corridors
Where appropriate, incorporate native, pollinator-friendly plants (Glenny et al. 2022) or native plants adapted to projected future climatic conditions at the restoration site (e.g., Meek et al. 2023, Stanturf et al. 2024) into seed mixes and live plantings used in the restoration of lands affected by grazing, fire, resource extraction, energy development, or urban development. Consider reclamation site conditions, genetic diversity, and resilience to local threats when producing seedlings (Davis and Pinto 2021) and consider appropriate climate analogs when identifying appropriate seed sources (e.g., Richardson et al. 2024). When focused on benefiting pollinators, prioritize plants that are attractive to pollinators, especially SGCN; support pollinators throughout the growing season (Glenny et al. 2023); provide food for caterpillars of insect SGCN (e.g., Dumroese et al. 2016); and produce pollen with high nutritional diversity (Vaudo et al. 2024). Potential collaborators: BLM, NPS, NRCS, USFS, SFD, SLO, energy and mining companies, non-profit organizations, private landowners, Tribal natural-resource managers.

Pollution
Work with appropriate agencies that enforce mining and energy development regulations, Best Management Practices, and safeguards to protect water quality and minimize SGCN mortality associated with mining and energy development. Assess impacts to SGCN and their habitats from industrial activities, including mining and energy development. These impacts may include direct mortality; pollution from produced wastewater (including brine and hydraulic injection fluids), transport of extracted or waste products, or acid mine drainage; noise and light pollution from energy development activities, and sediment runoff from roads. Potential collaborators: BLM, USFS, EMNRD, NMED, SLO, energy and mining companies, local governments.

Transportation and Service Corridors
Work with appropriate agencies to develop and enforce road-management plans (Crist et al. 2005). Potential collaborators: BLM, USFS.

Transportation and Service Corridors
Work with collaborators to complete mitigation measures that will increase the probability of safe passage across roads and near utility lines for affected SGCN. These include modifying barrier fences along roadways, constructing road crossings, placing warning signs for motorists, marking utility lines so they can be readily seen by birds, and placing safeguards that will reduce the probability of electrocution. Integrate benefits to SGCN in projects primarily designed and implemented to enhance safe passage for large mammals (e.g., projects implemented under the Wildlife Corridors Action Plan) (Cramer et al. 2022). Monitor the efficacy of mitigation measures and initiate any identified maintenance and improvements. Potential collaborators: BLM, DOD, USFS, NMDOT, SLO, private landowners, utility companies, Tribal natural-resource managers.

Biological Resource Use
Work with landowners and land-management agencies to use forests, woodlands (including piñon-juniper woodlands), and savannas in a manner that maintains healthy, and returns degraded, vegetation to an improved composition and function for SGCN, while protecting grassland communities surrounding piñon-juniper woodlands from woody plant invasion. Potential collaborators: BLM, DOD, NPS, USFS, SFD, SLO, private landowners.

Related Resources

  • Species of Greatest Conservation Need Chapter in SWAP document
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